So, after doing some more thinking, I believe that the incorrect S/G wiring (shown in my picture of the exterior of the S/G) resulted in the burning up of the field coil connection to the stud terminal. I have no idea why someone would connect it that way. From what I can tell, there's no reason that more than one wire should ever be connected to the field terminal.
In any case, I ordered a couple of replacement stud terminals through ebay, along with replacement brushes and new bearings. I'm hoping to be able to re-solder the broken field wire to the new stud terminal using a small torch and some rosin core solder. If I fail, though, I found a local mom-and-pop alternator/starter/etc. rebuilding shop that does a lot of ag rebuilds.
Under no circumstances do I want to replace this S/G with a cheapo rebuilt Chinese boat anchor, so one way or another this S/G will be back in action shortly
